Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24769
Appears in Collections:Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal Articles
Title: Biomineral shell formation under ocean acidification: A shift from order to chaos
Author(s): Fitzer, Susan
Chung, Peter
Maccherozzi, Francesco
Dhesi, Sarnjeet S
Kamenos, Nicholas A
Phoenix, Vernon R
Cusack, Maggie
Contact Email: maggie.cusack@stir.ac.uk
Keywords: Geochemistry
Marine biology
Structural geology
Issue Date: Feb-2016
Date Deposited: 9-Jan-2017
Citation: Fitzer S, Chung P, Maccherozzi F, Dhesi SS, Kamenos NA, Phoenix VR & Cusack M (2016) Biomineral shell formation under ocean acidification: A shift from order to chaos. Scientific Reports, 6, Art. No.: 21076. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21076
Abstract: Biomineral production in marine organisms employs transient phases of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) in the construction of crystalline shells. Increasing seawater pCO2 leads to ocean acidification (OA) with a reduction in oceanic carbonate concentration which could have a negative impact on shell formation and therefore survival. We demonstrate significant changes in the hydrated and dehydrated forms of ACC in the aragonite and calcite layers of Mytilus edulis shells cultured under acidification conditions (1000 μatm pCO2) compared to present day conditions (380 μatm pCO2). In OA conditions, Mytilus edulis has more ACC at crystalisation sites. Here, we use the high-spatial resolution of synchrotron X-ray Photo Emission Electron Microscopy (XPEEM) combined with X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) to investigate the influence of OA on the ACC formation in the shells of adult Mytilus edulis. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) confirms that OA reduces crystallographic control of shell formation. The results demonstrate that OA induces more ACC formation and less crystallographic control in mussels suggesting that ACC is used as a repair mechanism to combat shell damage under OA. However, the resultant reduced crystallographic control in mussels raises concerns for shell protective function under predation and changing environments. © 2016, Nature Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
DOI Link: 10.1038/srep21076
Rights: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Licence URL(s): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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