A study of the composition of the sclerites of Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenea) using X-ray elemental analysis

Abstract

The elemental compositions of the hamuli, marginal hooks and ventral bars were examined following their release from the opisthaptor of the monogenean parasites Gyrodactylus salaris, G. caledoniensis and G. colemanensis. Their compositions were determined using X-ray elemental analysis on an analytical scanning electron microscope, and the variation between each species investigated. Hamuli and marginal hooks exhibited a major peak for sulphur, whilst the ventral bar had high peaks of both sulphur and calcium. The high sulphur content and structure of the hamuli suggest they are composed of a keratin-like protein, while the nature of the ventral bar is less clear. The hamuli of G. colemanensis were differentiated from those of G. caledoniensis by virtue of their calcium fraction. Low levels of several other elements, including vanadium, were also detected in some sclerites. The composition of the hooks of Gyrodactylus and their relationship to the sclerites of monopisthocotyleans and polyopisthocotyleans is commented upon.