Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/31166
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dc.contributor.authorKok, Björnen_UK
dc.contributor.authorMalcorps, Wesleyen_UK
dc.contributor.authorTlusty, Michael Fen_UK
dc.contributor.authorEltholth, Mahmoud Men_UK
dc.contributor.authorAuchterlonie, Neil Aen_UK
dc.contributor.authorLittle, David Cen_UK
dc.contributor.authorHarmsen, Roberten_UK
dc.contributor.authorNewton, Richard Wen_UK
dc.contributor.authorDavies, Simon Jen_UK
dc.date.accessioned2020-05-19T00:06:19Z-
dc.date.available2020-05-19T00:06:19Z-
dc.date.issued2020-11-15en_UK
dc.identifier.other735474en_UK
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1893/31166-
dc.description.abstractEfficiency assessments of marine ingredient use in aquaculture are required to fully understand their contribution to global seafood supply and their impacts on all UN Sustainable Development Goals. Fish In: Fish Out (FIFO) ratios have become the principal metric used to ensure aquaculture does not negatively impact wild fish stocks. However, several approaches have been advocated to calculate the FIFO ratio and there have been criticisms that the different approaches employed lead to over- or under- estimates of the dependence of aquaculture on marine ingredients. Critically, FIFO does not align with Life Cycle Assessment as a measure of other environmental impacts. In this paper we present an alternative method to calculate the FIFO ratio based on the principle of economic allocation (economic Fish In: Fish Out – eFIFO) as commonly used in Life Cycle Assessments. Economic allocation acts as a proxy for the nutritional value of ingredients and places higher importance on the more limiting co-products generated and their relative demand. Substitution of marine ingredients by alternate feed ingredients has significantly reduced the amount of fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeed formulations for most farmed fish species, resulting in a continually decreasing FIFO ratio. Results show that most aquaculture species groups assessed in this study are net producers of fish, while salmon and trout aquaculture are net neutral, producing as much fish biomass as is consumed. Overall, global fed-aquaculture currently produces three to four times as much fish as it consumes. Tracking historical prices of fish oil against fishmeal, the relative higher price of fish oil leads to relatively higher allocation of fish to fish oil compared to fishmeal. This leads to relatively higher eFIFO for species with high fish oil requirements.en_UK
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevier BVen_UK
dc.relationKok B, Malcorps W, Tlusty MF, Eltholth MM, Auchterlonie NA, Little DC, Harmsen R, Newton RW & Davies SJ (2020) Fish as feed: Using economic allocation to quantify the Fish in : Fish out ratio of major fed aquaculture species. Aquaculture, 528, Art. No.: 735474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735474en_UK
dc.rightsThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. You are not required to obtain permission to reuse this article.en_UK
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_UK
dc.subjectFIFOen_UK
dc.subjectMarine ingredientsen_UK
dc.subjectLCAen_UK
dc.subjectFish useen_UK
dc.subjectBy-productsen_UK
dc.titleFish as feed: Using economic allocation to quantify the Fish in : Fish out ratio of major fed aquaculture speciesen_UK
dc.typeJournal Articleen_UK
dc.rights.embargodate2020-05-18en_UK
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735474en_UK
dc.citation.jtitleAquacultureen_UK
dc.citation.issn0044-8486en_UK
dc.citation.volume528en_UK
dc.citation.publicationstatusPublisheden_UK
dc.citation.peerreviewedRefereeden_UK
dc.type.statusVoR - Version of Recorden_UK
dc.contributor.funderEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 researchen_UK
dc.author.emaild.c.little@stir.ac.uken_UK
dc.citation.date17/05/2020en_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUtrecht Universityen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationInstitute of Aquacultureen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Massachusetts at Bostonen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationKafrelsheik Universityen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationIFFO (2012) Ltden_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationInstitute of Aquacultureen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUtrecht Universityen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationInstitute of Aquacultureen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationHarper Adams Universityen_UK
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000553684000007en_UK
dc.identifier.scopusid2-s2.0-85085338244en_UK
dc.identifier.wtid1618781en_UK
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0002-5651-0881en_UK
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0002-6095-3191en_UK
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0003-1481-995Xen_UK
dc.date.accepted2020-05-11en_UK
dcterms.dateAccepted2020-05-11en_UK
dc.date.filedepositdate2020-05-18en_UK
rioxxterms.apcnot requireden_UK
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen_UK
rioxxterms.versionVoRen_UK
local.rioxx.authorKok, Björn|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorMalcorps, Wesley|0000-0002-5651-0881en_UK
local.rioxx.authorTlusty, Michael F|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorEltholth, Mahmoud M|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorAuchterlonie, Neil A|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorLittle, David C|0000-0002-6095-3191en_UK
local.rioxx.authorHarmsen, Robert|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorNewton, Richard W|0000-0003-1481-995Xen_UK
local.rioxx.authorDavies, Simon J|en_UK
local.rioxx.project773330|European Union's Horizon 2020 research|en_UK
local.rioxx.freetoreaddate2020-05-18en_UK
local.rioxx.licencehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/|2020-05-18|en_UK
local.rioxx.filename1-s2.0-S0044848620309741-main.pdfen_UK
local.rioxx.filecount1en_UK
local.rioxx.source0044-8486en_UK
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