Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/31129
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dc.contributor.authorQuilliam, Richarden_UK
dc.contributor.authorWeidmann, Manfreden_UK
dc.contributor.authorMoresco, Vanessaen_UK
dc.contributor.authorPurshouse, Heatheren_UK
dc.contributor.authorO'Hara, Zoeen_UK
dc.contributor.authorOliver, Daviden_UK
dc.date.accessioned2020-05-12T00:04:57Z-
dc.date.available2020-05-12T00:04:57Z-
dc.date.issued2020-07en_UK
dc.identifier.other105790en_UK
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1893/31129-
dc.description.abstractFirst paragraph: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is having significant public health repercussions, with a global response to limit the predicted mortality associated with this outbreak. The virus, ‘severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2’ (SARS-CoV-2), is a respiratory virus disseminated though droplets from coughs and sneezes from an infected person or from fomites (Hellewell et al., 2020). Therefore, many countries have put ‘social distancing’ measures in place to reduce person-to-person spread of the disease. However, recently it has been confirmed that infectious virions can also be present in human faeces (Ling et al., 2020), and there are reports that viral RNA can be persistently shed in faeces for a maximum of 33 days after the patient has tested negative for respiratory viral RNA (Wu et al 2020). Although it remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted via the faecal-oral route (Xu et al., 2020), viral shedding from the digestive system can last longer than shedding from the respiratory tract. As such, faecal-oral transmission may be an important, but as yet unquantified, pathway for increased exposure during the current outbreak (Wu et al., 2020). Therefore, safely managing faecal wastes from infected, recovering and recovered patients poses a significant nosocomial challenge. For example, during the SARS outbreak of 2002–2003, the closely related SARS-CoV-1 was detected in sewage discharged by two hospitals (Wang et al., 2005), which emphasises the care needed when handling such faecal wastes. However, these challenges are not limited to hospital wastes, as it has been predicted that most of the population will experience only mild symptoms of COVID 19 and convalesce at home, whilst others, including children, can carry the virus asymptomatically, and are still capable of shedding the virus in their faeces (Kam et al., 2020, Tang et al., 2020). This means that the virus could soon become widespread throughout wastewater systems (Naddeo and Liu, 2020). Whilst a lack of testing for the majority of the population makes it difficult to predict the spatially-distributed volume of potentially infectious faeces delivered through the sewerage infrastructure to wastewater treatment works (WWTWs), wastewater surveillance may be a useful tool to indicate where the virus is circulating in the human population (Lodder and de Roda Husman, 2020). However, whilst knowingly infected individuals can take steps to increase their level of hygiene, asymptomatic carriers do not change their behaviour, and can anonymously spread enteric pathogens within the community (Quilliam et al., 2013).en_UK
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevier BVen_UK
dc.relationQuilliam R, Weidmann M, Moresco V, Purshouse H, O'Hara Z & Oliver D (2020) COVID-19: The environmental implications of shedding SARS-CoV-2 in human faeces. Environment International, 140, Art. No.: 105790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105790en_UK
dc.rightsThis article is available under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license and permits non-commercial use of the work as published, without adaptation or alteration provided the work is fully attributed. For commercial reuse, permission must be requested.en_UK
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en_UK
dc.subjectGeneral Environmental Scienceen_UK
dc.titleCOVID-19: The environmental implications of shedding SARS-CoV-2 in human faecesen_UK
dc.typeJournal Articleen_UK
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.envint.2020.105790en_UK
dc.identifier.pmid32388248en_UK
dc.citation.jtitleEnvironment Internationalen_UK
dc.citation.issn1873-6750en_UK
dc.citation.issn0160-4120en_UK
dc.citation.volume140en_UK
dc.citation.publicationstatusPublisheden_UK
dc.citation.peerreviewedRefereeden_UK
dc.type.statusVoR - Version of Recorden_UK
dc.author.emailrichard.quilliam@stir.ac.uken_UK
dc.citation.date06/05/2020en_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationBiological and Environmental Sciencesen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationInstitute of Aquacultureen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationBiological and Environmental Sciencesen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationBiological and Environmental Sciencesen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationBiological and Environmental Sciencesen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationBiological and Environmental Sciencesen_UK
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000544882200014en_UK
dc.identifier.scopusid2-s2.0-85084616538en_UK
dc.identifier.wtid1614771en_UK
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0001-7020-4410en_UK
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0002-7063-7491en_UK
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0002-8699-8179en_UK
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0002-6200-562Xen_UK
dc.date.accepted2020-05-01en_UK
dcterms.dateAccepted2020-05-01en_UK
dc.date.filedepositdate2020-05-11en_UK
dc.subject.tagCOVID-19en_UK
rioxxterms.apcpaiden_UK
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen_UK
rioxxterms.versionVoRen_UK
local.rioxx.authorQuilliam, Richard|0000-0001-7020-4410en_UK
local.rioxx.authorWeidmann, Manfred|0000-0002-7063-7491en_UK
local.rioxx.authorMoresco, Vanessa|0000-0002-8699-8179en_UK
local.rioxx.authorPurshouse, Heather|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorO'Hara, Zoe|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorOliver, David|0000-0002-6200-562Xen_UK
local.rioxx.projectInternal Project|University of Stirling|https://isni.org/isni/0000000122484331en_UK
local.rioxx.freetoreaddate2020-11-12en_UK
local.rioxx.licencehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/|2020-11-12|en_UK
local.rioxx.filenameQuilliam_EI_Final2020.pdfen_UK
local.rioxx.filecount1en_UK
local.rioxx.source1873-6750en_UK
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