Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27062
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dc.contributor.authorMaina, Ernest Gen_UK
dc.contributor.authorGachanja, Anthony Nen_UK
dc.contributor.authorGatari, Michael Jen_UK
dc.contributor.authorPrice, Heatheren_UK
dc.date.accessioned2018-04-20T05:01:27Z-
dc.date.available2018-04-20T05:01:27Z-
dc.date.issued2018-04en_UK
dc.identifier.other251en_UK
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1893/27062-
dc.description.abstractThis study assessed the level of heavy metal in roadside dust and PM2.5 mass concentrations along Thika superhighway in Kenya. Thika superhighway is one of the busiest roads in Kenya, linking Thika town with Nairobi. Triplicate road dust samples collected from 12 locations were analysed for lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). PM2.5 samples were collected on pre-weighed Teflon filters using a BGI personal sampler and the filters were then reweighed. The ranges of metal concentrations were 39–101 μg/g for Cu, 95–262 μg/g for Zn, 9–28 μg/g for Cd, 14–24 μg/g for Ni, 13–30 μg/g for Cr, and 20–80 μg/g for Pb. The concentrations of heavy metals were generally highly correlated, indicating a common anthropogenic source of the pollutants. The results showed that the majority of the measured heavy metals were above the background concentration, and in particular, Cd, Pb, and Zn levels indicated moderate to high contamination. Though not directly comparable due to different sampling timeframes (8 h in this study and 24 h for guideline values), PM2.5 for all sites exceeds the daily WHO PM2.5 guidelines of 25 μg/m3. This poses a health risk to people using and working close to Thika superhighway, for example, local residents, traffic police, street vendors, and people operating small businesses. PM2.5 levels were higher for sites closer to Nairobi which could be attributed to increased vehicular traffic towards Nairobi from Thika. This study provides some evidence of the air pollution problem arising from vehicular traffic in developing parts of the world and gives an indication of the potential health impacts. It also highlights the need for source apportionment studies to determine contributions of anthropogenic emissions to air pollution, as well as long-term sampling studies that can be used to fully understand spatiotemporal patterns in air pollution within developing regions.en_UK
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherSpringeren_UK
dc.relationMaina EG, Gachanja AN, Gatari MJ & Price H (2018) Demonstrating PM2.5 and road-side dust pollution by heavy metals along Thika superhighway in Kenya, sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190, Art. No.: 251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6629-zen_UK
dc.rightsThis item has been embargoed for a period. During the embargo please use the Request a Copy feature at the foot of the Repository record to request a copy directly from the author. You can only request a copy if you wish to use this work for your own research or private study. Publisher policy allows this work to be made available in this repository. Published in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, April 2018, 190:251. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6629-zen_UK
dc.subjectPM2.5en_UK
dc.subjectHeavy metalsen_UK
dc.subjectRoadside dusten_UK
dc.subjectAir pollutionen_UK
dc.subjectHealthen_UK
dc.subjectVehicular emissionen_UK
dc.subjectAtomic absorption spectrophotometeren_UK
dc.subjectGeo-accumulationen_UK
dc.subjectContamination factoren_UK
dc.subjectAfricaen_UK
dc.titleDemonstrating PM2.5 and road-side dust pollution by heavy metals along Thika superhighway in Kenya, sub-Saharan Africaen_UK
dc.typeJournal Articleen_UK
dc.rights.embargoreason[Maine-etal-EMA-2018.pdf] Publisher requires embargo of 12 months after formal publication.en_UK
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10661-018-6629-zen_UK
dc.identifier.pmid29582158en_UK
dc.citation.jtitleEnvironmental Monitoring and Assessmenten_UK
dc.citation.issn1573-2959en_UK
dc.citation.issn0167-6369en_UK
dc.citation.volume190en_UK
dc.citation.publicationstatusPublisheden_UK
dc.citation.peerreviewedRefereeden_UK
dc.type.statusAM - Accepted Manuscripten_UK
dc.citation.date27/03/2018en_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technologyen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technologyen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Nairobien_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationBiological and Environmental Sciencesen_UK
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000429054600077en_UK
dc.identifier.scopusid2-s2.0-85044572920en_UK
dc.identifier.wtid877757en_UK
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0001-6886-4516en_UK
dc.date.accepted2018-03-16en_UK
dcterms.dateAccepted2018-03-16en_UK
dc.date.filedepositdate2018-04-14en_UK
rioxxterms.apcnot requireden_UK
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen_UK
rioxxterms.versionAMen_UK
local.rioxx.authorMaina, Ernest G|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorGachanja, Anthony N|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorGatari, Michael J|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorPrice, Heather|0000-0001-6886-4516en_UK
local.rioxx.projectInternal Project|University of Stirling|https://isni.org/isni/0000000122484331en_UK
local.rioxx.freetoreaddate2019-03-28en_UK
local.rioxx.licencehttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/under-embargo-all-rights-reserved||2019-03-27en_UK
local.rioxx.licencehttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved|2019-03-28|en_UK
local.rioxx.filenameMaine-etal-EMA-2018.pdfen_UK
local.rioxx.filecount1en_UK
local.rioxx.source0167-6369en_UK
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