Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24421
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dc.contributor.authorHavlicek, Janen_UK
dc.contributor.authorTrebicky, Viten_UK
dc.contributor.authorValentova, Jaroslava Varellaen_UK
dc.contributor.authorKleisner, Karelen_UK
dc.contributor.authorAkoko, Robert Mbeen_UK
dc.contributor.authorFialova, Jitkaen_UK
dc.contributor.authorJash, Rosinaen_UK
dc.contributor.authorKocnar, Tomasen_UK
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Kamila Janainaen_UK
dc.contributor.authorSterbova, Zuzanaen_UK
dc.contributor.authorVarella, Marco Antonio Correaen_UK
dc.contributor.authorVokurkova, Janaen_UK
dc.contributor.authorVunan, Ernesten_UK
dc.contributor.authorRoberts, S Craigen_UK
dc.date.accessioned2017-05-08T23:15:25Z-
dc.date.available2017-05-08T23:15:25Z-
dc.date.issued2017-03en_UK
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1893/24421-
dc.description.abstractThe morphology of human female breasts typical for their permanent fat deposits appears to be unique among primates. It has been previously suggested that female breast morphology arose as a result of sexual selection. This is supported by evidence showing that women with larger breasts tend to have higher estrogen levels; breast size may therefore serve as an indicator of potential fertility. However, breasts become less firm with age and parity, and breast shape could thus also serve as a marker of residual fertility. Therefore, cross-culturally, males are hypothesized to prefer breast morphology that indicates both high potential and residual fertility. To test this, we performed a survey on men´s preferences for breast morphology in four different cultures (Brazil, Cameroon, the Czech Republic, Namibia). As stimuli, we used two sets of images varying in breast size (marker of potential fertility) and level of breast firmness (marker of residual fertility). Individual preferences for breast size were variable, but the majority of raters preferred medium sized, followed by large sized breasts. In contrast, we found systematic directional preferences for firm breasts across all four samples. This pattern supports the idea that breast morphology may serve as a residual fertility indicator, but offers more limited support for the potential fertility indicator hypothesis. Future studies should focus on a potential interaction between the two parameters, breast size and firmness, which, taken together, may help to explain the relatively large variation in women's breast sizes.en_UK
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.relationHavlicek J, Trebicky V, Valentova JV, Kleisner K, Akoko RM, Fialova J, Jash R, Kocnar T, Pereira KJ, Sterbova Z, Varella MAC, Vokurkova J, Vunan E & Roberts SC (2017) Men’s preferences for women’s breast size and shape in four cultures. Evolution and Human Behavior, 38 (2), pp. 217-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.10.002en_UK
dc.rightsThis item has been embargoed for a period. During the embargo please use the Request a Copy feature at the foot of the Repository record to request a copy directly from the author. You can only request a copy if you wish to use this work for your own research or private study. Accepted refereed manuscript of: Havlicek J, Trebicky V, Valentova JV, Kleisner K, Akoko RM, Fialova J, Jash R, Kocnar T, Pereira KJ, Sterbova Z, Varella MAC, Vokurkova J, Vunan E & Roberts SC (2017) Men’s preferences for women’s breast size and shape in four cultures, Evolution and Human Behavior, 38 (2), pp. 217-226. DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.10.002 © 2016, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en_UK
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en_UK
dc.subjectPermanent breastsen_UK
dc.subjectMate preferencesen_UK
dc.subjectResidual fertilityen_UK
dc.subjectNubility hypothesisen_UK
dc.subjectMammary glanden_UK
dc.subjectHuman evolutionen_UK
dc.titleMen’s preferences for women’s breast size and shape in four culturesen_UK
dc.typeJournal Articleen_UK
dc.rights.embargodate2017-10-20en_UK
dc.rights.embargoreason[EHB-15-265R1.pdf] Publisher requires embargo of 12 months after formal publication.en_UK
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.10.002en_UK
dc.citation.jtitleEvolution and Human Behavioren_UK
dc.citation.issn1090-5138en_UK
dc.citation.volume38en_UK
dc.citation.issue2en_UK
dc.citation.spage217en_UK
dc.citation.epage226en_UK
dc.citation.publicationstatusPublisheden_UK
dc.citation.peerreviewedRefereeden_UK
dc.type.statusAM - Accepted Manuscripten_UK
dc.author.emailcraig.roberts@stir.ac.uken_UK
dc.citation.date19/10/2016en_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationCharles University in Pragueen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationCharles University in Pragueen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Sao Pauloen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationCharles University in Pragueen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Buea, Cameroonen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationCharles University in Pragueen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationIndependenten_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationCharles University in Pragueen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Sao Pauloen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationCharles University in Pragueen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Sao Pauloen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationCharles University in Pragueen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Buea, Cameroonen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationPsychologyen_UK
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000395967500008en_UK
dc.identifier.scopusid2-s2.0-85007170305en_UK
dc.identifier.wtid546653en_UK
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0002-9641-6101en_UK
dc.date.accepted2016-10-17en_UK
dcterms.dateAccepted2016-10-17en_UK
dc.date.filedepositdate2016-10-19en_UK
rioxxterms.apcnot requireden_UK
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen_UK
rioxxterms.versionAMen_UK
local.rioxx.authorHavlicek, Jan|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorTrebicky, Vit|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorValentova, Jaroslava Varella|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorKleisner, Karel|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorAkoko, Robert Mbe|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorFialova, Jitka|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorJash, Rosina|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorKocnar, Tomas|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorPereira, Kamila Janaina|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorSterbova, Zuzana|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorVarella, Marco Antonio Correa|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorVokurkova, Jana|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorVunan, Ernest|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorRoberts, S Craig|0000-0002-9641-6101en_UK
local.rioxx.projectInternal Project|University of Stirling|https://isni.org/isni/0000000122484331en_UK
local.rioxx.freetoreaddate2017-10-20en_UK
local.rioxx.licencehttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/under-embargo-all-rights-reserved||2017-10-19en_UK
local.rioxx.licencehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/|2017-10-20|en_UK
local.rioxx.filenameEHB-15-265R1.pdfen_UK
local.rioxx.filecount1en_UK
local.rioxx.source1090-5138en_UK
Appears in Collections:Psychology Journal Articles

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