Embracing Emerging Technologies in Policing: Key Considerations

Abstract

Emerging technology offers the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of policing. However, efficiency and effectiveness must be considered in light of existing legal frameworks, and the perhaps more nebulous relationship between the state and citizens that police actors must deftly navigate. In addition, given the evolving nature of technological innovation it is necessary to carefully consider the evolving social and ethical issues associated with specific forms of these technologies, regulatory frameworks that might require adaptation, what policy needs developing, and how each can be can implemented in ways that meet societies expectations. In 2022, the authors of this paper were commissioned to conduct research that examined the social and ethical implications of particular types of emerging technologies in policing practice and the legal concerns associated with the adoption of emerging technologies in policing in Scotland. To do this, they also explored the evidence concerning the use of these technologies from beyond the policing context by reflecting on experiences from other sectors (Health, Children and Family) and other jurisdictions. This paper sets out a series of priorities for further research, policy development and key recommendations for practice in the use of specific types of emerging technologies. In addition, we also discuss how legal framework may constrain the adoption of different types of emerging technologies to within the policing practice context and steps that can be taken to navigate such constraints.