Exploration of healthy eating and gestational weight gain behaviours among pregnant women in Vietnam: a qualitative study and logic model for developing interventions

Abstract

Pregnant Vietnamese women often experience undernutrition and inadequate weight gain, which can cause health problems for both mother and foetus. Previous interventions targeting healthy eating and gestational weight gain (GWG) had limited success and a lack of understanding about influencing factors. This study explores factors affecting healthy eating and GWG behaviours, aiming to develop a logic model for interventions promoting healthy behaviours during pregnancy for Vietnamese women. Qualitative study used online focus groups with 20 pregnant Vietnamese women. Through thematic analysis, themes were identified and then mapped using the COM-B model and theoretical domains framework. A logic model for interventions was developed using the Scottish Government's 5-step approach for behaviour change interventions. Three key aspects- capabilities, opportunities, and motivations- provide insight into healthy eating and GWG behaviours. Analysis revealed that women combined traditional and scientific knowledge to inform their healthy eating and GWG behaviour, despite incomplete knowledge. Additionally, inconsistent adherence to prenatal micronutrient supplements stemmed from misconceptions about their preventive benefits. Women showed proactive self-care and sought information on healthy eating and GWG during pregnancy but challenged obtaining healthcare professionals’ advice. Instead, they relied on informal sources like social media and advice from family members, finding them accessible and convenient for gathering information at their own pace and seeking reassurance from others' experiences. Nevertheless, the relatability and trustworthiness of information from informal sources, rooted in personal experiences and cultural beliefs (e.g., food belief and taboos), emphasize the influence of social and cultural factors on knowledge and decision-making. Thus, a logic model for mobile health intervention was developed to promote healthy eating by addressing barriers and outlining required resources and outcomes. Study unveils factors influencing healthy eating and GWG, informing a logic model for a mobile health intervention to promote these behaviours. The study lays the groundwork for future intervention development.