Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/31528
Appears in Collections:Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport Journal Articles
Peer Review Status: Refereed
Title: Risk and enabling environments in sport: Systematic doping as harm reduction
Author(s): Henning, April
McLean, Katherine
Andreasson, Jesper
Dimeo, Paul
Contact Email: april.henning@stir.ac.uk
Keywords: Risk environment
Doping
Sport
Harm reduction
Issue Date: May-2021
Date Deposited: 4-Aug-2020
Citation: Henning A, McLean K, Andreasson J & Dimeo P (2021) Risk and enabling environments in sport: Systematic doping as harm reduction. International Journal of Drug Policy, 91, Art. No.: 102897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102897
Abstract: Doping and the use of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) are often considered and discussed as a separate issue from other types of substance use, by sporting bodies, politicians, the media, and athletes who use drugs themselves. However, perceptions and understandings of substance use in the sport and fitness world are directly related to those of substance use in the non-sport world. One way the gap between sport and non-sport substance use research can be bridged is to consider sport risk and enabling environments. Similar to non-sport contexts and drug use, it is important to analyse the environments in which doping occurs. This approach allows us to examine the dynamic interplay between risk and enabling factors, as the enabling environment shifts in response to changes produced in the risk environment, and vice versa. There are models of sport environments that have proven effective at both enabling doping by athletes and reducing harms to athletes: systematic doping. This article will use secondary literature in order to review and analyse known cases of systematic doping through the risk and enabling environment frameworks. We argue that these systems responded to anti-doping in ways that protected athletes from the risk factors established by anti-doping policy and that athletes suffered most when these systems were revealed, exposing athletes to the full range of doping harms. Further, we argue that risks within these systems (i.e. extortion, bullying) resulted from the broader prohibitive sport environment that forces doping underground and allows such abuses to occur.
DOI Link: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102897
Rights: This item has been embargoed for a period. During the embargo please use the Request a Copy feature at the foot of the Repository record to request a copy directly from the author. You can only request a copy if you wish to use this work for your own research or private study. Accepted refereed manuscript of: Henning A, McLean K, Andreasson J & Dimeo P (2021) Risk and enabling environments in sport: Systematic doping as harm reduction. International Journal of Drug Policy, 91, Art. No.: 102897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102897 © 2020, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Licence URL(s): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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