Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/30673
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dc.contributor.authorNoto La Diega, Guidoen_UK
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-24T01:00:12Z-
dc.date.available2020-01-24T01:00:12Z-
dc.date.issued2018-05en_UK
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1893/30673-
dc.description.abstractThis work presents ten arguments against algorithmic decision-making. These re-volve around the concepts of ubiquitous discretionary interpretation, holistic intu-ition, algorithmic bias, the three black boxes, psychology of conformity, power of sanctions, civilising force of hypocrisy, pluralism, empathy, and technocracy. Nowadays algorithms can decide if one can get a loan, is allowed to cross a bor-der, or must go to prison. Artificial intelligence techniques (natural language pro-cessing and machine learning in the first place) enable private and public deci-sion-makers to analyse big data in order to build profiles, which are used to make decisions in an automated way. The lack of transparency of the algorithmic deci-sion-making process does not stem merely from the characteristics of the relevant techniques used, which can make it impossible to access the rationale of the deci-sion. It depends also on the abuse of and overlap between intellectual property rights (the “legal black box”). In the US, nearly half a million patented inventions concern algorithms; more than 67% of the algorithm-related patents were issued over the last ten years and the trend is increasing. To counter the increased mo-nopolisation of algorithms by means of intellectual property rights (with trade se-crets leading the way), this paper presents three legal routes that enable citizens to ‘open’ the algorithms. First, copyright and patent exceptions, as well as trade se-crets are discussed. Second, the EU General Data Protection Regulation is critical-ly assessed. In principle, data controllers are not allowed to use algorithms to take decisions that have legal effects on the data subject’s life or similarly significantly affect them. However, when they are allowed to do so, the data subject still has the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view, as well as to contest the decision. Additionally, the data controller shall provide meaningful in-formation about the logic involved in the algorithmic decision. Third, this paper critically analyses the first known case of a court using the access right under the freedom of information regime to grant an injunction to release the source code of the computer program that implements an algorithm. Only an integrated ap-proach – which takes into account intellectual property, data protection, and free-dom of information – may provide the citizen affected by an algorithmic decision of an effective remedy as required by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU and the European Convention on Human Rights.en_UK
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherDigital Peer Publishingen_UK
dc.relationNoto La Diega G (2018) Against the Dehumanisation of Decision-Making-Algorithmic Decisions at the Crossroads of Intellectual Property, Data Protection, and Freedom of Information. JIPITEC - Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and E-Commerce Law, 9 (1). https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-9-1-2018/4677/?searchterm=noto%20la%20diegaen_UK
dc.rightsGuido Noto La Diega, Against the Dehumanisation of Decision-Making – Algorithmic Decisions at the Crossroads of Intellectual Property, Data Protection, and Freedom of Information, 9 (2018) JIPITEC 3 para 1. Any party may pass on this Work by electronic means and make it available for download under the terms and conditions of the Digital Peer Publishing License. Passing documents on is, however, subject to certain obligations, particularly concerning citing the names of authors and holders of rights and the bibliographical information used, in order to guarantee a standard form of citation. The licence does not grant a right to use altered versions of the work. The rights to Use in physical form, particularly the rights to distribute the work in printed form or on storage media, are retained by the author or other rights holders and are not covered by this licence. The text of the license may be accessed and retrieved at http://www.dipp.nrw.de/lizenzen/dppl/dppl/DPPL_v2_en_06-2004.html.en_UK
dc.subjectAlgorithmic decision-makingen_UK
dc.subjectalgorithmic biasen_UK
dc.subjectright not to be subject to an algorithmic decisionen_UK
dc.subjectGDPRen_UK
dc.subjectsoftware copyright exceptionsen_UK
dc.subjectpatent infringement defencesen_UK
dc.subjectfreedom of information requesten_UK
dc.subjectalgorithmic transparencyen_UK
dc.subjectalgorithmic accountabilityen_UK
dc.subjectalgorithmic governanceen_UK
dc.subjectData Protection Act 2018en_UK
dc.titleAgainst the Dehumanisation of Decision-Making-Algorithmic Decisions at the Crossroads of Intellectual Property, Data Protection, and Freedom of Informationen_UK
dc.typeJournal Articleen_UK
dc.citation.jtitleJIPITEC : Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and E-Commerce Lawen_UK
dc.citation.issn2190-3387en_UK
dc.citation.volume9en_UK
dc.citation.issue1en_UK
dc.citation.publicationstatusPublisheden_UK
dc.citation.peerreviewedRefereeden_UK
dc.type.statusVoR - Version of Recorden_UK
dc.contributor.funderNorthumbria Universityen_UK
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-9-1-2018/4677/?searchterm=noto%20la%20diegaen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationNorthumbria Universityen_UK
dc.identifier.wtid1500915en_UK
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0001-6918-5398en_UK
dc.date.accepted2018-05-01en_UK
dcterms.dateAccepted2018-05-01en_UK
dc.date.filedepositdate2020-01-23en_UK
rioxxterms.apcnot chargeden_UK
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen_UK
rioxxterms.versionVoRen_UK
local.rioxx.authorNoto La Diega, Guido|0000-0001-6918-5398en_UK
local.rioxx.projectProject ID unknown|Northumbria University|http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010052en_UK
local.rioxx.freetoreaddate2020-01-23en_UK
local.rioxx.licencehttp://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved|2020-01-23|en_UK
local.rioxx.filenameJIPITEC_9_1_2018_3-34.pdfen_UK
local.rioxx.filecount1en_UK
local.rioxx.source2190-3387en_UK
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