Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28191
Appears in Collections:Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport Journal Articles
Peer Review Status: Refereed
Title: A new sensitive assay reveals that hemoglobin is oxidatively modified in vivo
Author(s): Vollaard, Niels
Reeder, Brandon J
Shearman, Jerry P
Menu, Patrick
Wilson, Michael T
Cooper, Chris E
Contact Email: n.vollaard@stir.ac.uk
Keywords: Free radical
Hemoglobin
Myoglobin
Peroxide
Exercise
Oxidative stress
Blood substitute
Oxidative modification
Assay
Chlorin
Issue Date: 1-Nov-2005
Date Deposited: 7-Nov-2018
Citation: Vollaard N, Reeder BJ, Shearman JP, Menu P, Wilson MT & Cooper CE (2005) A new sensitive assay reveals that hemoglobin is oxidatively modified in vivo. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 39 (9), pp. 1216-1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.06.012
Abstract: Free radical formation in heme proteins is recognised as a factor in mediating the toxicity of peroxides in oxidative stress. As well as initiating free radical damage, heme proteins damage themselves. Under extreme conditions, where oxidative stress and low pH coincide (e.g., myoglobin in the kidney following rhabdomyolysis and hemoglobin in the CSF subsequent to subarachnoid hemorrhage), peroxide can induce covalent heme to protein cross-linking. In this paper we show that, even at neutral pH, the heme in hemoglobin is covalently modified by oxidation. The product, which we term OxHm, is a "green heme" iron chlorin with a distinct optical spectrum. OxHm formation can be quantitatively prevented by reductants of ferryl iron, e.g., ascorbate. We have developed a simple, robust, and reproducible HPLC assay to study the extent of OxHm formation in the red cell in vivo. We show that hemoglobin is oxidatively damaged even in normal blood; approximately 1 in 2000 heme groups exist as OxHm in the steady state. We used a simple model (physical exercise) to demonstrate that OxHm increases significantly during acute oxidative stress. The exercise-induced increase is short-lived, suggesting the existence of an active mechanism for repairing or removing the damaged heme proteins.
DOI Link: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.06.012
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