Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25854
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dc.contributor.authorPhillips, Bethanen_UK
dc.contributor.authorKelly, Benjaminen_UK
dc.contributor.authorLilja, Matsen_UK
dc.contributor.authorPonce-González, Jesús Gustavoen_UK
dc.contributor.authorBrogan, Roberten_UK
dc.contributor.authorMorris, Daviden_UK
dc.contributor.authorGustafsson, Thomasen_UK
dc.contributor.authorKraus, William Een_UK
dc.contributor.authorAtherton, Philip Jen_UK
dc.contributor.authorVollaard, Nielsen_UK
dc.contributor.authorRooyackers, Olaven_UK
dc.contributor.authorTimmons, James Aen_UK
dc.date.accessioned2017-09-29T22:26:28Z-
dc.date.available2017-09-29T22:26:28Z-
dc.date.issued2017-09-08en_UK
dc.identifier.other229en_UK
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1893/25854-
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Regular physical activity (PA) can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but adherence to time-orientated (150 min week−1 or more) PA guidelines is very poor. A practical and time-efficient PA regime that was equally efficacious at controlling risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease is one solution to this problem. Herein, we evaluate a new time-efficient and genuinely practical high-intensity interval training (HIT) protocol in men and women with pre-existing risk factors for type 2 diabetes.  Materials and methods: One hundred eighty-nine sedentary women (n = 101) and men (n = 88) with impaired glucose tolerance and/or a body mass index >27 kg m−2 [mean (range) age: 36 (18–53) years] participated in this multi-center study. Each completed a fully supervised 6-week HIT protocol at work-loads equivalent to ~100 or ~125% V˙O2 max. Change in V˙O2 max was used to monitor protocol efficacy, while Actiheart™ monitors were used to determine PA during four, weeklong, periods. Mean arterial (blood) pressure (MAP) and fasting insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-IR] represent key health biomarker outcomes.  Results: The higher intensity bouts (~125% V˙O2 max) used during a 5-by-1 min HIT protocol resulted in a robust increase in V˙O2 max (136 participants, +10.0%, p < 0.001; large size effect). 5-by-1 HIT reduced MAP (~3%; p < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (~16%; p < 0.01). Physiological responses were similar in men and women while a sizeable proportion of the training-induced changes in V˙O2 max, MAP, and HOMA-IR was retained 3 weeks after cessation of training. The supervised HIT sessions accounted for the entire quantifiable increase in PA, and this equated to 400 metabolic equivalent (MET) min week−1. Meta-analysis indicated that 5-by-1 HIT matched the efficacy and variability of a time-consuming 30-week PA program on V˙O2 max, MAP, and HOMA-IR.  Conclusion: With a total time-commitment of <15 min per session and reliance on a practical ergometer protocol, 5-by-1 HIT offers a new solution to modulate cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with pre-existing risk factors for type 2 diabetes while approximately meeting the MET min week−1 PA guidelines. Long-term randomized controlled studies will be required to quantify the ability for 5-by-1 HIT to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes, while strategies are required to harmonize the adaptations to exercise across individuals.en_UK
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_UK
dc.relationPhillips B, Kelly B, Lilja M, Ponce-González JG, Brogan R, Morris D, Gustafsson T, Kraus WE, Atherton PJ, Vollaard N, Rooyackers O & Timmons JA (2017) A Practical and Time-Efficient High-Intensity Interval Training Program Modifies Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Adults with Risk Factors for Type II Diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 8, Art. No.: 229. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00229en_UK
dc.rights© 2017 Phillips, Kelly, Lilja, Ponce-González, Brogan, Morris, Gustafsson, Kraus, Atherton, Vollaard, Rooyackers and Timmons. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.en_UK
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_UK
dc.subjecthealth, exerciseen_UK
dc.subjecthigh-intensity interval trainingen_UK
dc.subjectvariabilityen_UK
dc.subjectV˙O2  maxen_UK
dc.subjectblood pressureen_UK
dc.subjectdetrainingen_UK
dc.subjecthomeostatic model assessment of insulin resistanceen_UK
dc.titleA Practical and Time-Efficient High-Intensity Interval Training Program Modifies Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Adults with Risk Factors for Type II Diabetesen_UK
dc.typeJournal Articleen_UK
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fendo.2017.00229en_UK
dc.identifier.pmid28943861en_UK
dc.citation.jtitleFrontiers in Endocrinologyen_UK
dc.citation.issn1664-2392en_UK
dc.citation.volume8en_UK
dc.citation.publicationstatusPublisheden_UK
dc.citation.peerreviewedRefereeden_UK
dc.type.statusVoR - Version of Recorden_UK
dc.author.emailn.vollaard@stir.ac.uken_UK
dc.citation.date08/09/2017en_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Nottinghamen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationNuffield Healthen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationKarolinska Instituteten_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canariaen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationScion Houseen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationKing's College Londonen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationKarolinska University Hospitalen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationDuke Universityen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Nottinghamen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationSporten_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationKarolinska Instituteten_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationKing's College Londonen_UK
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000409520500001en_UK
dc.identifier.scopusid2-s2.0-85029232064en_UK
dc.identifier.wtid519984en_UK
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0002-4576-8879en_UK
dc.date.accepted2017-08-22en_UK
dcterms.dateAccepted2017-08-22en_UK
dc.date.filedepositdate2017-09-08en_UK
rioxxterms.apcnot requireden_UK
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen_UK
rioxxterms.versionVoRen_UK
local.rioxx.authorPhillips, Bethan|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorKelly, Benjamin|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorLilja, Mats|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorPonce-González, Jesús Gustavo|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorBrogan, Robert|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorMorris, David|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorGustafsson, Thomas|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorKraus, William E|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorAtherton, Philip J|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorVollaard, Niels|0000-0002-4576-8879en_UK
local.rioxx.authorRooyackers, Olav|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorTimmons, James A|en_UK
local.rioxx.projectInternal Project|University of Stirling|https://isni.org/isni/0000000122484331en_UK
local.rioxx.freetoreaddate2017-09-08en_UK
local.rioxx.licencehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/|2017-09-08|en_UK
local.rioxx.filenamefendo-08-00229.pdfen_UK
local.rioxx.filecount1en_UK
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