Exploring patients’ experiences of using Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Claudication

Abstract

Background Pain associated with claudication in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a key barrier to physical activity, limiting walking ability and impacting quality of life. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) may offer non-pharmacological pain relief and has shown potential to improve walking performance. However, little is known about patients’ experiences using TENS in everyday life. Aim To explore the lived experience of using TENS at home among individuals with PAD and claudication. Methods Six participants with PAD and claudication received training in the use of a TENS device for home use during daily walking activities. After four weeks, experiences were explored through a focus group and an individual interview. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Four themes emerged: Pain, Expectations, Usability, and Physical and social functioning. While some participants reported reduced pain and improved walking ability, others expressed disappointment when TENS did not fully meet their expectations. Variability in use and perceived benefit was influenced by prior knowledge, usability challenges, and personal preferences. Conclusions TENS may support self-management of claudication pain and enhance physical activity in some individuals with PAD. However, managing patient expectations and addressing device usability are essential to optimise outcomes. Healthcare practitioners may play a key role in supporting education, tailoring advice, and evaluating the appropriateness of TENS as part of individualised care plans.