An Analysis of the Renewable Energy Regime in Nigeria Through the Lens of Energy Justice: Lessons from the UK

Abstract

Nigeria has an abundance of energy resources including coal, oil and gas, and renewables. However, these resources have not been effectively deployed to promote energy security, energy equity and environmental sustainability (energy trilemma). Moreover, renewable energy sources (RES) have been identified in law and policy instruments as being key to accelerating energy security, energy access, and emission reduction in Nigeria. This thesis observes that the extant legal framework is inadequate to facilitate RES development in Nigeria. The thesis therefore argues that the development of a comprehensive RES planning and consenting regime comprising strategic plans, policies, robust institutions, support schemes, and fiscal measures underpinned by renewable energy legislation, is germane to facilitate widespread deployment of RES infrastructure. It is further argued that the deployment of grid, off-grid and mini-grid RES technology will address issues of energy security, energy access and tackle energy poverty. Given that RES technology is not environmentally benign, a comprehensive RES planning and consenting regime will engender the conduct of relevant environmental, socio-cultural, and economic impact assessments of RES developments. Furthermore, the thesis acknowledges that oil and gas are the mainstays of the Nigerian economy, accounting for over 70% of the country’s national revenue as well as supporting jobs, host communities, and indigenous peoples. Thus, the transition from fossil fuels to RES should be carried out within the confines of energy justice to foster a just energy transition which mitigates the adverse impacts of the transition on these affected groups. Having effectively implemented legislation, policy and programmes, institutions, support schemes, and fiscal measures to maximise its RES potential, the UK RES planning and consenting regime provides a workable exemplar for Nigeria to learn from. Similarly, the incorporation of just transition principles in the Scottish regime and a practical example of a people-centred energy transition programme offers a useful guide for Nigeria. The thesis contends that the implementation of a just energy transition tailored to domestic circumstances is fundamental to promoting energy justice.