Evaluating Perceptions of Self-efficacy and Quality of Life in Patients Having Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Their Family Caregivers

Abstract

Background Self-efficacy is a critical factor for quality of life in patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting, as well as for their family caregivers. However, there is lack of knowledge about whether patients' self-efficacy and caregivers' perceptions of patient self-efficacy are associated with quality of life in patient and caregiver dyads. Objectives The aims of this study were to compare self-efficacy and quality of life between patients and family caregivers and to examine whether patients' and caregivers' perceptions of patient self-efficacy were associated with their own and their partner's quality of life in patient and caregiver dyads who were waiting for patients' coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 84 dyads (85% male patients and 87% female caregivers) completed the Cardiac Self-efficacy Scale, which consists of self-efficacy for controlling symptoms and self-efficacy for maintaining function subscales, and the Short-Form 12 Health Survey for quality of life. Data were analyzed using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Results Caregivers rated patient self-efficacy for maintaining function higher than did patients themselves and caregivers' perceptions were positively correlated with patients' physical health. Patients' self-efficacy for maintaining function exhibited an actor effect on their own mental health. There were no other actor or partner effects of self-efficacy on quality of life. Conclusions Differences between patients' and caregivers' perceptions of patient self-efficacy for maintaining function should be addressed before surgery to reduce discordance. Patients' self-efficacy for maintaining function was associated with their own quality of life. There was no partner (relationship) effect of self-efficacy on quality of life. More research is needed in this area.