Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25130
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dc.contributor.authorFarley, Amandaen_UK
dc.contributor.authorTearne, Sarahen_UK
dc.contributor.authorTaskila, Tainaen_UK
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Rachel Hen_UK
dc.contributor.authorMacAskill, Susanen_UK
dc.contributor.authorEtter, Jean-Francoisen_UK
dc.contributor.authorAveyard, Paulen_UK
dc.date.accessioned2017-11-16T23:14:32Z-
dc.date.available2017-11-16T23:14:32Z-
dc.date.issued2017-02-17en_UK
dc.identifier.other210en_UK
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1893/25130-
dc.description.abstractBackground  Pivotal trials have established that, among people who have no immediate intention to quit smoking, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) helps people reduce and eventually stop smoking. The prime aim of this trial was to investigate the feasibility of implementing such a programme in community pharmacies. In addition, we investigated the effectiveness of providing behavioural support compared with self-help methods and of shorter compared with standard length reduction programmes.  Methods  Pharmacists were trained to deliver a smoking reduction programme and opportunistically invite people to participate in the programme. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, eligible volunteers were randomised to either receive in-person behavioural support or a self-help booklet. In both cases, participants were supported to set targets to reduce their smoking and use behavioural techniques to assist reduction. In addition, participants were randomised to cut down and stop over 4weeks or over 16weeks, but in either case continue NRT for up to nine months. We assessed uptake and adherence to the programme and smoking cessation four weeks and six months after a quit day and reduction in the three months following programme end and incorporated a qualitative processes assessment.  Results  Only 68 of the planned 160 smokers could be recruited. Pharmacists were deterred by the bureaucracy of trial enrolment and that many smokers did not return for further support. Pharmacists sometimes subverted the randomisation or provided support to participants in the self-help arm. Smokers stayed in the programme for an average of 6weeks rather than the 9months envisaged. Rates of follow-up declined to around 20% of participants by 12months. There was insufficient evidence to assess whether support or speed of reduction enhanced cessation or reduction but cessation and reduction were less common overall than in the pivotal trials for licensing NRT for this indication.  Conclusions  This programme of smoking reduction and the trial design to assess its effectiveness proved unpopular to potential participants and pharmacists. As a result, the trial produced no evidence on the effectiveness of behavioural support or speed or smoking reduction. A trial of this programme in this context is unfeasible.en_UK
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherBioMed Centralen_UK
dc.relationFarley A, Tearne S, Taskila T, Williams RH, MacAskill S, Etter J & Aveyard P (2017) A mixed methods feasibility study of nicotine-assisted smoking reduction programmes delivered by community pharmacists - The RedPharm study. BMC Public Health, 17 (1), Art. No.: 210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4116-zen_UK
dc.rights© The Author(s). 2017 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.en_UK
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_UK
dc.titleA mixed methods feasibility study of nicotine-assisted smoking reduction programmes delivered by community pharmacists - The RedPharm studyen_UK
dc.typeJournal Articleen_UK
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12889-017-4116-zen_UK
dc.identifier.pmid28212652en_UK
dc.citation.jtitleBMC Public Healthen_UK
dc.citation.issn1471-2458en_UK
dc.citation.volume17en_UK
dc.citation.issue1en_UK
dc.citation.publicationstatusPublisheden_UK
dc.citation.peerreviewedRefereeden_UK
dc.type.statusVoR - Version of Recorden_UK
dc.citation.date17/02/2017en_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Birminghamen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Oxforden_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Greenwichen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Oxforden_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationInstitute for Social Marketingen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Genevaen_UK
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Oxforden_UK
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000394316600001en_UK
dc.identifier.scopusid2-s2.0-85013058548en_UK
dc.identifier.wtid534717en_UK
dc.date.accepted2017-02-07en_UK
dcterms.dateAccepted2017-02-07en_UK
dc.date.filedepositdate2017-03-10en_UK
rioxxterms.apcnot requireden_UK
rioxxterms.typeJournal Article/Reviewen_UK
rioxxterms.versionVoRen_UK
local.rioxx.authorFarley, Amanda|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorTearne, Sarah|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorTaskila, Taina|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorWilliams, Rachel H|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorMacAskill, Susan|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorEtter, Jean-Francois|en_UK
local.rioxx.authorAveyard, Paul|en_UK
local.rioxx.projectInternal Project|University of Stirling|https://isni.org/isni/0000000122484331en_UK
local.rioxx.freetoreaddate2017-03-10en_UK
local.rioxx.licencehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/|2017-03-10|en_UK
local.rioxx.filenames12889-017-4116-z.pdfen_UK
local.rioxx.filecount1en_UK
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