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[(SFCV)-499.1(\(n:13\);)-496.1(and)-492.8(Panel)-500.9(6:)-489.3(SFNV)]TJ
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[(IIFT)-258.2(\(SFV)-252.8(IgM)-251.9(Mosaic)-251.8(I;)-251.6(Euroimmun\),)-254.9(for)-256.9(TOSV)-253.9(IgM/IgG)-247.6(by)]TJ
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T*
[(commercial)-395.7(IB)-390.8(assay)-385.4(for)-396(TOSV)-386.7(IgG)-391(\(recomLine)-389.9(Bunyavirus)]TJ
T*
[(IgG/IgM;)-566.6(Mikrogen\))-562.2(according)-566(to)-566(the)-560.2(manufacturers)-570.2(in-)]TJ
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[(structions.)-302.1(In)-296.4(addition)-297.4(to)-300.4(TOSV,)-294.8(antibodies)-300(to)-294.1(certain)-297.6(Hanta-)]TJ
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[(virus)-254.2(serotypes)-252.4(\(Hantaan,)-249.4(Puumala,)-253.7(Dobrava,)-245.9(and)-246.2(Seoul\))-253.1(can)]TJ
T*
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0 -1.2266 TD
[(body)-235.9(levels)-236.5(were)-236.1(determined)-239(starting)-241.4(at)-233.9(the)-237.7(serum)-234.8(dilution)-236.6(of)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(1:100.)-655.1(The)-657.5(positive)-658.6(results)-653.5(were)-659.7(evaluated)-659.2(as)-652.1(equivocal)]TJ
T*
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0 -1.2266 TD
[(according)-509.1(to)-509.1(visual)-509.5(intensity)-507.3(of)-509.1(uorescence)-510.3(compared)-503.6(to)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(control)-208.9(sera.)-200.4(In)-201.5(the)-206.1(ELISA,)-200.6(qualitative)-206.7(evaluation)-204.4(of)-199.3(the)-206.1(results)]TJ
T*
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0 -1.2266 TD
[(sample)-420.5(with)-420(the)-421.1(cutoff)-422.1(control.)-426.8(When)-416.7(the)-421.1(sample)-420.5(to)-420.6(cutoff)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(ratio)-386.4(was)]TJ
/F12 1 Tf
4.5462 0 TD
(>)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7714 0 TD
[(1.2,)-377.9(the)-383.1(sample)-388.9(was)-381.8(interpreted)-386.4(as)-380.2(positive)-386.7(and)]TJ
-5.3176 -1.2203 TD
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T*
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0 -1.2266 TD
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/F11 1 Tf
23.7172 0 TD
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/F5 1 Tf
.7714 0 TD
[(\))-183.8(and)]TJ
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[(stronger)-317.2(than)-316.6(the)-319.9(cutoff)-314.6(as)-310.6(strong)-316.6(positive)-317.1(\()]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
19.209 0 TD
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/F5 1 Tf
1.5428 0 TD
(,)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
.5627 0 TD
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/F5 1 Tf
2.3142 0 TD
[(\))-310.3(a)0(s)-317(in-)]TJ
-23.6287 -1.2203 TD
[(dicated)-375.4(by)-375.6(the)-370.5(manufacturer.)-380.2(The)-373(general)-371.8(features)-376.7(and)-372.6(per-)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(formance)-825.6(characteristics)-834.2(of)-818.9(the)-825.7(commercial)-825.6(assays)-823(are)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(provided)-286.9(in)-278.8(Table)-282.2(1.)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
0 -2.447 TD
[(Virus)-336(neutralization)-340.4(test)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.8336 TD
[(VNT)-284(for)-275.8(SFVs)-278.9(were)-280.3(performed)-284.6(in)-278.8(96-well)-280(microtiter)-287.1(plates)]TJ
-1.1128 -1.2203 TD
[(with)-413.7(Vero)-417.2(cells)-412.2(\(ATCC)-409.9(CCL81\))-413.8(and)-410.6(was)-407.1(adapted)-411.4(from)-412.5(the)]TJ
T*
[(VNT)-435.8(used)-435.5(for)-433.9(Rift)-432.3(Valley)-431(fever)-438(virus)-431.3(described)-432.4(previously)]TJ
T*
[(\(Davies)-348.3(et)-348.1(al.)-341.1(1988\).)-349.2(Serial)-347.1(serum)-342.3(dilutions)-351.7(of)-344.7(1/10)-343(to)-344.7(1/320)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(and)-492.8(virus)-488.2(suspensions)-488.8(of)-490.1(10)]TJ
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(8)Tj
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6.7246 0 0 5.9768 459.1558 214.696 Tm
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8.9663 0 0 8.9663 470.2676 216.17 Tm
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-17.5334 -1.2203 TD
[(standard)-270.1(strains)-263.1(\(SFSV)-270.2(Oct-85)-267.9(Sabin,)-265.2(SFNV)-264.9(Oct-85)-261.5(Sabin)-268.6(and)]TJ
T*
[(TOSV)-342.5(ISS.Phl.3\).)-338.6(The)-341.4(viruses)-337.6(were)-343.6(then)-335.9(diluted)-343.6(to)-338.4(contain)-341.1(a)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(nal)-243.4(concentration)-246.5(of)-243.5(100)-238.8(TCID)]TJ
6.7246 0 0 5.9768 435.5148 181.8141 Tm
(50)Tj
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 444.4156 183.2881 Tm
[(per)-242.2(50)]TJ
/F13 1 Tf
2.8516 0 TD
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/F5 1 Tf
.5564 0 TD
[(L.)-239.9(The)-240.2(diluted)-242.4(virus)]TJ
-18.0582 -1.2203 TD
[(and)-309.4(serum)-304.3(dilutions)-307.4(were)-305.6(distributed)-312.5(into)-301(all)-303.8(wells)-307.1(excepted)]TJ
T*
[(for)-206.3(the)-199.8(controls.)-200.5(After)-198.9(an)-198.9(hour)-204.2(of)-199.2(incubation)-205(at)-196(37)]TJ
/F14 1 Tf
20.9288 0 TD
(8)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.3857 0 TD
[(C,)-199.1(Vero)-202.2(cells)]TJ
-21.3145 -1.2266 TD
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/F14 1 Tf
.3288 0 TD
(*)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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(2.10)Tj
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(5)Tj
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[(in)-430.6(number)-424.6(per)-431.9(well\))-426.4(in)-430.6(10%)-424.3(fetal)-427.5(calf)-426.4(serum)-430.8(were)]TJ
-3.8759 -1.2203 TD
[(added)-204.4(to)-205.6(the)-199.8(serumvirus)-204(complex.)-205.5(Cells)-204.5(were)-204.5(evaluated)-203.9(after)]TJ
T*
[(72)-346.8(and)-347.3(96)-163.4(h)-351.2(o)0(f)-344.7(incubation)-350.4(at)-347.7(37)]TJ
/F14 1 Tf
13.8345 0 TD
(8)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.3857 0 TD
[(C,)-344.5(and)-347.3(reactivity)-347.7(was)-343.9(deter-)]TJ
-14.2202 -1.2267 TD
[(mined)-431(by)-432.5(the)-427.4(lack)-430.4(of)-433.2(cytopathogenic)-436(effect)-430.4(above)-431(a)-429.5(serum)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(dilution)-287.2(of)-281.5(1/20)-279.8(at)-278.2(the)-282(96th)-281.1(hour.)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
0 -2.4406 TD
[(Statistical)-342.4(analysis)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.8336 TD
[(Agreement)-210(among)-210(commercial)-206(assays)-203.4(by)-204.8(the)-212.4(Kappa,)-203.5(Fleiss)]TJ
-1.1128 -1.2267 TD
[(Kappa)-282.8(coefcients)-278.9(\(Landis)-279.8(and)-277.8(Koch)-280.1(1977,)-279.2(Ilstrup)-276.4(1990\),)-279.6(and)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
-27.9978 77.2217 TD
(782)Tj
46.1193 0 TD
(ERGU)Tj
2.3648 .2023 TD
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[(NAY)-332.3(ET)-338.7(AL.)]TJ
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[(comparison)-644.5(of)-641.9(antibody)-641.2(titers)-645(were)-640.7(performed)-638.7(by)-641.1(SPSS)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(package)-286.6(version)-277.9(17.0)-279.7(\(SPSS)-288.1(Inc.\).)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
0 -2.8896 TD
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/F10 1 Tf
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[(Detection)-340.2(of)-330.4(SFV/TOSV)-338.3(IgG)-333.5(and)-329.4(IgM)-338.4(seroreactivity)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(by)-332.7(commercial)-340.4(assays)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.8336 TD
[(The)-366.7(distribution)-376.2(of)-363.6(positive/equivocal/tested)-381.2(results)-369(and)]TJ
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[(antibody)-350.3(titers)-341.5(for)-345.4(SFV)-347.2(serotypes)-347.3(according)-344.7(to)-344.7(the)-345.2(IIFT)-346.8(sub-)]TJ
0 -1.2267 TD
[(strate)-267.9(are)-265.7(given)-258.6(in)-266.2(Table)-263.3(2.)-261.7(Overall)-263.9(rate)-266.1(of)-262.5(equivocal/positive)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(results)-236.2(from)-229.1(TOSV)-228.6(IIFT)-226.6(and)-227.2(ELISA)-229.3(were)-229.7(18/53)-228.7(\(total:)-231.4(71/120;)]TJ
T*
[(59.2%\))-357.6(and)-353.7(10/8)-349.3(\(total:18/120;)-361.4(15%\),)-351.8(respectively.)-359.4(Positive/)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(strong)-202.7(positive)-203.3(results)-204.6(from)-197.5(TOSV)-203.4(IgG)-195(IB)-201.1(were)-198.1(9/43)-197.5(\(total:52/)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(120;)-298.6(43.3%\))-294.4(\(Table)-295.4(2\).)-293.8(No)-299.9(reactivity)-297.1(for)-294.8(Hantavirus)-301.4(serotypes)]TJ
T*
[(was)-280.7(observed)-284.6(in)-285.1(any)-279.2(of)-281.4(the)-282(IB)-277(reactive)-282.2(samples.)]TJ
1.1128 -1.2203 TD
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[(reactive)-294.9(\(positive)-292.3(or)-288(equivocal\))-287.4(in)-291.4(the)-288.3(IIFT)-283.5(\(Table)-289(2\).)-287.4(The)-290.8(dis-)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(tribution)-273.6(of)-262.5(SFV)-271.3(serotypes)-265.1(identied)-272.6(was)-261.7(SFNV)-271.3(in)-266.2(3,)-261.7(SFSV)-269.8(in)]TJ
T*
[(2,)-350.2(TOSV)-355.1(in)-348.4(1,)-350.2(and)-353.7(SFSV)]TJ
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10.7173 0 TD
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[(SFCV)-353.6(in)-348.4(1)-353.6(sample.)-347.5(IgM)-353.1(IIFT)-346.8(titers)]TJ
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[(observed)-215.1(are)-208.8(given)-214.3(in)-209.2(Table)-206.4(2.)-211.1(All)-210.8(samples)-206.8(were)-210.8(negative)-214.2(with)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(the)-541.2(TOSV)-538.5(IgM)-536.5(ELISA,)-535.7(and)-537(one)-543.5(SFNV)-536.8(IgM)-536.4(IIFT)-536.5(reactive)]TJ
T*
[(sample)-294(was)-293.3(positive)-291.8(in)-297.8(TOSV)-291.9(IgG)-289.8(ELISA.)-295.4(IB)-289.6(assay)-290.6(for)-294.8(TOSV)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(IgM)-283.5(was)-280.7(not)-278.5(performed.)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
0 -2.8896 TD
[(VNT)-335.2(results)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.8273 TD
[(VNTs)-329.6(for)-332.7(SFSV,)-335.9(SFNV,)-331.1(and)-328.4(TOSV)-329.8(were)-330.9(performed)-335.2(for)-332.7(99)]TJ
-1.1128 -1.2266 TD
[(samples,)-279.3(excluding)-279.8(21)-277.2(due)-276.1(to)-281.4(insufcient)-278.9(amounts.)-281.2(A)-273.3(total)-278.6(of)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(31)-441.6(samples)-440.8(\(31/99;)-440.7(31.3%\))-439.8(were)-438.4(reactive)-446.6(in)-436.9(the)-440(VNTs)-443.4(that)]TJ
T*
[(comprise)-449(15)-441.6(TOSV)-443.6(\(15.2%\),)-443.2(11)-441.6(SFSV)-446.8(\(11.1%\),)-443.2(and)-442.2(3)-442.1(SFNV)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(\(3.03%\))-478.2(\(Table)-478.7(3\).)-483.4(Two)-475.3(samples)-478.7(were)-482.7(observed)-480.6(to)-477.5(possess)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(neutralizing)-320.4(antibodies)-319(for)-320.1(more)-317.1(than)-316.6(one)-322.2(SFV)-315.5(serotype)-320.7(and)]TJ
T*
[(displayed)-411.6(reactivity)-410.9(for)-408.6(SFSV)-408.9(and)-404.2(SFNV)-410.4(where)-410.2(the)-408.4(titer)-409.7(of)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(SFSV)-295(\(1/320\))-292.8(exceeded)-291.6(that)-294.7(of)-294.1(SFNV)-290.2(\(1/40)-292.9(and)-290.4(1/80\))-292.9(\(Table)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(3\).)-287.4(None)-284.2(of)-281.4(the)-288.3(IgM-positive)-291.3(samples)-282.7(were)-286.7(reactive)-282.2(in)-285.1(VNTs,)]TJ
T*
[(and)-410.6(for)-414.9(the)-408.4(sample)-414.2(with)-407.4(SFSV)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
13.7966 0 TD
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/F5 1 Tf
.7714 0 TD
[(SFCV)-410.6(IgM)-410(positivity,)-417.1(VNT)]TJ
-14.568 -1.2266 TD
[(was)-350.2(not)-341.7(performed.)-350.7(The)-347.7(presence)-347.2(of)-344.7(neutralizing)-352(antibodies)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(for)-465.5(TOSV)-462.6(could)-458.9(be)-459.6(demonstrated)-467.2(in)-462.2(15)-454.3(of)-464.8(the)-459(89)-460.6(samples)]TJ
T*
[(\(16.9%\))-275.9(reactive)-282.2(in)-272.5(any)-279.2(of)-275.1(the)-275.6(commercial)-281.9(assays)-272.9(and)-277.8(in)-278.8(15)-270.9(of)]TJ
T*
[(60)-340.5(samples)-339.6(\(25%\))-336.7(reactive)-345.5(with)-337.8(TOSV)-336.1(IIFT.)-337(In)-340.6(samples)-339.6(with)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(IIFT)-504.8(reactivity)-505.7(other)-500.4(than)-506.3(TOSV,)-497.1(41.9%)-502.6(\(13/31\))-501.5(and)-499.1(9.7%)]TJ
28.0042 49.167 TD
[(\(3/31\))-407.1(were)-413.1(positive)-412(in)-411.6(VNTs)-411.8(for)-408.6(SFSV)-415.2(and)-404.2(SFNV,)-413.3(respec-)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(tively)-278.2(\(Table)-282.7(3\).)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
0 -2.624 TD
[(Evaluation)-333.2(of)-336.7(TOSV)-333.3(commercial)-334.1(assays)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.8336 TD
[(A)-412.4(total)-417.7(of)-420.6(31)-416.3(samples)-415.5(\(31/120;)-421.3(25.8%\))-414.5(were)-419.4(observed)-417.4(as)]TJ
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[(negative)-277.4(for)-269.5(TOSV)-272.9(IgG)-277.2(and)-271.5(89)-270.9(samples)-276.4(\(89/120;)-275.8(74.2%\))-269.1(were)]TJ
T*
[(reactive)-244.3(in)-240.9(at)-240.2(least)-245(one)-246.3(of)-237.2(the)-244(commercial)-243.9(assays)-241.3(\(positive)-248(and)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(equivocal)-426(results)-425.9(interpreted)-430.6(as)-424.5(reactive\).)-431.1(Thirteen)-431.6(samples)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(\(13/89;)-598.8(14.6%\))-597.9(were)-596.5(reactive)-604.7(in)-601.3(all)-594.6(assays.)-604.7(Reactivity)-597.8(in)]TJ
T*
(IIFT)Tj
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1.821 0 TD
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/F5 1 Tf
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[(IB)-213.8(and)-220.9(IIFT)]TJ
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4.8686 0 TD
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/F5 1 Tf
.7714 0 TD
[(ELISA)-216.7(only)-216.4(were)-217.1(noted)-224.5(in)-215.6(25)-214(\(28.1%\))-219(and)-214.6(2)]TJ
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[(\(2.2%\))-181.6(samples,)-190.8(respectively.)-188.7(For)-184.9(equivocal)-185.8(samples)-187.9(in)-184(IIFT,)-185.3(12)]TJ
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[(out)-402.9(of)-407.9(18)-397.4(were)-406.8(observed)-404.8(as)-405.5(negative)-410.2(in)-398.9(ELISA)-406.3(or)-408.1(IB.)-400.1(In)-403.8(49)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(samples)-314.3(\(49/89;)-314.3(55.1%\),)-310(reactivity)-322.4(was)-312.3(observed)-316.2(via)-313.6(a)-309.3(single)]TJ
T*
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0 -1.2267 TD
[(correlation)-225.2(among)-222.6(IIFT)-226.6(titers,)-224.3(ELISA)-223(optical)-225.4(densities,)-227.9(and/or)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(VNT)-277.7(titers)-284.6(could)-281.8(be)-282.5(demonstrated)-283.9(\(data)-281.2(not)-284.8(shown\).)]TJ
1.1128 -1.2203 TD
[(Agreement)-285.8(among)-285.9(commercial)-288.2(assays,)-282.2(assessed)-292.1(via)-282(kappa)]TJ
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[(coefcient,)-482.8(was)-476.7(observed)-480.6(as)-475(slight)-484.6(to)-477.5(fair,)-475(and)-480.1(percentage)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(agreement)-593.8(values)-594.4(were)-596.5(calculated)-597.4(as)-595.2(50%63%)-588.8(\(average:)]TJ
T*
[(57.8%\))-420.9(\(Table)-428.1(4\).)-426.5(When)-423(results)-425.9(from)-425.1(all)-423.9(commercial)-427.3(assays)]TJ
T*
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2.1435 0 TD
()Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7714 0 TD
(ELISA)Tj
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T*
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19.5315 .0063 TD
()Tj
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-18.8929 -1.2267 TD
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T*
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T*
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0 -1.2267 TD
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T*
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ET
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f
59.811 365.442 490.11 .22675 re
f
124.611 700.781 172.913 .22681 re
f
432.567 700.781 117.354 .22681 re
f
59.811 683.093 490.11 .22675 re
f
BT
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()Tj
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()Tj
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()Tj
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0 Tc
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T*
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(a)Tj
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ET
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T*
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(a)Tj
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T*
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T*
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[(types,)-617.4(enabling)-610.1(identication)-620.1(of)-610.2(probable)-611(cross-reactions.)]TJ
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[(Nevertheless,)-374.4(IIFT)-365.7(is)-365.3(a)-366.2(labor-intensive)-369(method)-367.5(that)-370.6(requires)]TJ
T*
[(the)-351.5(individual)-353.9(examination)-357.2(of)-351(all)-354.3(samples)-352.3(in)-348.4(the)-357.8(uorescent)]TJ
T*
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(microscopist.)Tj
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[(In)-650.4(TOSV)-646(ELISA,)-649.5(equivocal)-653.7(and)-650.8(positive)-652.2(results)-653.5(were)]TJ
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[(equally)-320.2(distributed)-318.9(in)-323.1(VNT-reactive)-320.1(samples)-320.6(and)-322(in)-316.7(samples)]TJ
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[(ocal)-466.7(results)-463.8(from)-463.1(this)-470.3(assay)-461.3(strongly)-463.6(imply)-465.7(reactivity.)-464.4(The)]TJ
T*
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[(samples)-339.6(and)-334.7(in)-329.4(the)-338.9(majority)-336.4(of)-332(the)-338.9(SFNV)-334.5(and)-334.7(SFNV)]TJ
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(TOSV)Tj
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[(IIFT)-454.3(reactive)-459.3(samples,)-456.3(which)-453.8(suggests)-457.1(cross-reactions)-465.7(with)]TJ
T*
[(SFNV.)-331.1(However,)-331(this)-331.2(assay)-328.5(provided)-324.8(negative)-334.3(results)-331.1(in)-329.4(the)]TJ
T*
[(majority)-254.2(of)-249.8(the)-256.7(IIFT)-245.6(or)-256.4(ELISA)-248.3(equivocal)-255.3(samples)-251.1(and)-252.5(positive)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(results)-413.2(in)-411.6(the)-414.7(majority)-412.3(of)-414.2(the)-414.7(TOSV)-412(VNT-positive)-411.9(samples.)]TJ
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[(Thus,)-302.8(IB)-296(can)-299.4(be)-301.5(employed)-297(as)-304.3(a)-296.7(conrmatory)-299.1(assay)-303.2(for)-301.1(TOSV)]TJ
T*
[(exposure)-395.2(for)-389.6(samples)-390.2(reactive)-396.1(in)-392.6(TOSV)-386.7(IIFT)-391(or)-389.2(ELISA.)-390.3(The)]TJ
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[(ELISA)-412.7(format)-412.5(enables)-410.3(rapid)-412.8(testing)-411.8(and)-410.6(interpretation)-418.4(in)-411.6(a)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
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T*
[(been)-317.4(previously)-323.1(reported)-318.6(that)-320(for)-320.1(TOSV,)-320.1(the)-319.9(performance)-321.7(of)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(whole)-302.1(virus)-292.2(and)-296.8(recombinant)-305.8(nucleocapsid)-296.4(ELISAs)-300.2(correlate)]TJ
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[(well)-451.2(\(Valassina)-451.2(et)-449.3(al.)-448.6(1998\).)-450.4(However,)-451.1(the)-452.7(relatively)-452.5(lower)]TJ
T*
[(sensitivity)-319.8(observed)-316.2(for)-307.4(the)-319.9(ELISA,)-308.1(as)-317(compared)-313.9(to)-313.1(IIFT)-308.8(and)]TJ
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[(underestimated)-279.6(in)-266.2(the)-275.6(previous)-270.9(studies)-276.4(where)-271.1(this)-274.3(assay)-271.6(was)]TJ
T*
[(employed)-214.8(for)-218.9(surveillance)-219(\(Echevarria)-219.4(et)-215.3(al.)-214.6(2003,)-209.6(Valassina)-216.8(et)]TJ
T*
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[(Hantavirus)-193.9(exposure)-199.1(\(serotypes)-196(Hantaan,)-192(Puumala,)-190.5(Dobrava,)]TJ
T*
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[(An)-327.3(interesting)-330.8(nding)-330.6(is)-327.3(that)-326.3(VNT,)-324.9(which)-333.7(is)-321(generally)-329.1(re-)]TJ
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T*
[(vided)-307.4(conrmation)-313.6(only)-311.3(in)-304.1(a)-309.3(portion)-312.2(of)-306.7(the)-307.3(samples)-314.3(reactive)]TJ
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[(relatively)-357.7(insensitive.)-359(Moreover,)-350.6(the)-357.8(agreement)-353.5(of)-351(VNT)-353.6(and)]TJ
T*
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T*
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[(nomenon)-202.9(involving)-196.8(a)-201.8(number)-197(antigenic)-200.8(epitopes)-200.3(and)-201.9(even)-199.9(the)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(majority)-368(of)-363.6(the)-364.2(exposed)-370.8(persons)-364.8(develop)-365.3(antibodies)-369.6(against)]TJ
T*
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23.4454 0 TD
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2.9718 0 TD
(,)Tj
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T*
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T*
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T*
[(sera)-248(\()-82.7(Magurano)-250.7(and)-246.2(Nicoletti)-253.7(1999\).)-241.7(In)-252.1(addition,)-249.8(neutralizing)]TJ
T*
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[(and)-189.3(may)-184.9(depend)-187.6(on)-189.5(tertiary)-186.7(structures)-190.2(that)-187.2(may)-191.2(be)-181.4(lost)-191.5(during)]TJ
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[(assay)-278(development)-278.1(\()-89(Magurano)-276(and)-277.8(Nicoletti)-279(1999,)-279.2(Di)-276.8(Bonito)]TJ
T*
[(et)-556.8(al.)-556.1(2002\).)-557.9(These)-557.6(variations)-559.2(may)-557.9(account)-562.5(for)-554(the)-560.2(slight)]TJ
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[(agreement)-530.5(observed)-524.9(among)-526.1(commercial)-522.1(diagnostic)-533.4(assays)]TJ
27.9978 74.5598 TD
[(and)-252.5(VNT.)-255.3(A)-254.3(similar)-250(phenomenon)-258.1(has)-257.1(also)-253.7(been)-247.9(described)-255.3(for)]TJ
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[(mosquito-borne)-202.9(aviviruses)-199(West)-203(Nile)-196.6(virus)-197.3(and)-195.6(Yellow)-198.9(fever)]TJ
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[(virus,)-421.6(where)-416.5(correlation)-414.9(of)-414.2(ratio/titers)-421(of)-414.2(ELISA)-419(or)-414.5(IIFT)-410(to)]TJ
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[(VNT)-214.5(has)-206.5(observed)-208.8(to)-211.9(be)-206.6(low)-203.9(\(Niedrig)-211.5(et)-209(al.)-208.3(1999,)-203.3(Niedrig)-211.1(et)-209(al.)]TJ
T*
[(2007\).)-880.3(Nevertheless,)-880.2(VNTs)-873.4(are)-879(still)-872.3(essential)-879.1(for)-876.5(ser-)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(oepidemiological)-290.2(studies)-282.8(for)-282.2(conrming)-283.6(the)-282(presence)-283.9(of)-281.4(neu-)]TJ
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[(tralizing)-372.7(antibodies.)-372.5(It)-369.3(also)-373.9(remains)-366.3(to)-370(be)-371(veried)-371.2(if)-370.7(surface)]TJ
T*
[(glycoprotein)-405.9(variants)-407.5(of)-395.3(TOSV)-405.7(also)-399.2(co-circulate)-402.1(in)-405.3(endemic)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(areas)-500.4(and)-499.1(are)-499.6(involved)-504.5(in)-493.8(human)-504.7(immune)-496.5(response)-503.8(with)]TJ
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[(probable)-320.1(consequences)-326(in)-323.1(diagnostic)-318.4(serology.)-319.9(Nevertheless,)]TJ
T*
[(it)-535.1(is)-529.6(likely)-531.5(that)-535(TOSV)-532.1(diagnostic)-533.4(assays)-532.2(will)-530.7(signicantly)]TJ
T*
[(benet)-295.6(from)-292.4(inclusion)-294(of)-287.8(viral)-292.6(glycoprotein)-298.4(antigens)-287.8(in)-291.4(addi-)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(tion)-288.4(to)-281.5(nucleocapsid.)]TJ
1.1128 -1.2203 TD
[(In)-486(conclusion,)-491.4(commercially)-485.8(available)-488.4(diagnostic)-489.1(immu-)]TJ
-1.1128 -1.2203 TD
[(noassays)-203.2(displayed)-202.9(slight-to-fair)-208.4(agreement)-201.8(as)-196.8(determined)-201(for)]TJ
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[(IgG)-435.2(in)-436.9(sera)-437.7(from)-437.8(asymptomatic)-437.7(blood)-433.8(donors)-437.6(from)-437.8(an)-432.9(en-)]TJ
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[(demic)-325.7(region.)-327.4(The)-328.8(results)-331.1(could)-326.1(only)-323.9(be)-326.8(conrmed)-325.8(via)-326.3(virus)]TJ
T*
[(neutralization)-287.1(in)-285.1(a)-277.7(portion)-286.9(of)-281.5(the)-282(samples,)-285.6(and)-277.8(overall)-282.6(agree-)]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
[(ment)-298.5(between)-300.5(the)-294.6(commercial)-300.8(assays)-291.9(and)-296.7(VNT)-296.7(is)-295.7(slight.)-297.8(The)]TJ
0 -1.2203 TD
[(IIFT)-429(could)-427.3(be)-427.9(used)-422.9(for)-427.6(screening)-433.1(purposes,)-430.3(and)-423.2(for)-427.6(conr-)]TJ
T*
[(mation)-291.8(of)-287.8(TOSV)-291.9(exposure,)-290.6(commercial)-288.2(assays)-291.9(such)-289.9(as)-285.4(IB)-289.6(can)]TJ
T*
[(be)-282.5(performed)-284.6(in)-278.8(addition)-284.8(to)-281.4(VNT.)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
0 -2.6809 TD
(Acknowledgments)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.8336 TD
[(This)-346.3(work)-338.3(was)-343.9(partially)-339(funded)-346.2(by)-343.9(Turkish)-340.2(Red)-342.2(Crescent)]TJ
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[(Society)-211.2(and)-208.2(Hacettepe)-215.7(University)-215.4(Research)-210.6(Fund)-208.2(\(Project)-212.2(NO:)]TJ
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[(08)-422.7(O)-420.4(101)-422.2(001\))-422.6(and)-423.2(by)-419.8(BMBF)-420.2(grant)-425.8(01KI0710)-419.3()80.3(Research)-427.4(on)]TJ
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[(Zoonotic)-215.2(Infectious)-216.9(Diseases)-212.4(program;)-212.3(Emerging)-212.9(Arthropod-)]TJ
T*
[(Borne-Viral)-222.7(Infections)-219(in)-215.6(Germany:)-215.8(Pathogenesis,)-220.2(Diagnostics)]TJ
T*
[(and)-284.1(Surveillance.)76.2()]TJ
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0 -2.6683 TD
[(Disclosure)-336.7(Statement)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.8336 TD
[(Nadine)-597.3(Litzba)-592.2(received)-601.3(funding)-594.9(from)-595.9(the)-591.8(Euroimmun)]TJ
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[(Medizinische)-474.3(Labordiagnostika)-466.2(AG,)-471(Germany.)-462.4(All)-470(authors)]TJ
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[(declare)-284(that)-282(no)-284.4(further)-285.2(competing)-284.6(nancial)-280.7(interests)-282.9(exist.)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
0 -2.6683 TD
(References)Tj
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[(Besselaar,)-271.2(TG,)-260.5(Blackburn,)-261.6(NK.)-265.3(Topological)-264.1(mapping)-265.1(of)-261.7(antigenic)]TJ
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[(sites)-520.5(on)-520.5(the)-519.2(Rift)-517.9(Valley)-513.9(fever)-519.8(virus)-521.3(envelope)-519.1(glycoproteins)]TJ
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[(using)-337.6(monoclonal)-342.1(antibodies.)-334.5(Arch)-339.9(Virol)-338(1991;)-334.2(121:111124.)]TJ
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[(Calisher,)-376.8(CH,)-362.3(Beaty,)-370.2(BJ,)-370.5(Chandler,)-366.5(LJ.)-370.5(Arboviruses.)-372.9(In:)-364.7(Lenette,)]TJ
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[(EH,)-319.1(Smith,)-313.2(TF,)-314.6(eds.)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
8.8974 0 TD
[(Laboratory)-323(Diagnosis)-312.2(of)-317.3(Viral)-316.7(Infections)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
16.3152 0 TD
[(,)-312.4(3rd)]TJ
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[(edition.)-450.2(Revised)-451.5(and)-439.6(Expanded.)-450(New)-447.8(York:)-444.6(Marcel)-446.5(Dekker,)]TJ
0 -1.2385 TD
[(1999:305332)-7.5(.)]TJ
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[(Charel,)-504.8(RN,)-498.1(Gallian,)-504.9(P,)-496(Navarro-Mari,)-505.6(JM,)-499.4(Nicoletti,)-500.6(L,)-498.4(et)-502.1(al.)]TJ
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[(11:16571663)-7.5(.)]TJ
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[(tion)-218.8(of)-221.6(Toscana)-219.3(virus-specic)-223.6(immunoglobulins)-221.1(G)-217.4(and)-211.9(M)-221.2(b)0(y)-214.9(a)0(n)]TJ
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[(enzyme-linked)-447.6(immunosorbent)-444.9(assay)-441.2(based)-439.2(on)-440.2(recombinant)]TJ
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[(viral)-287.3(nucleoprotein.)-290.4(J)-280.5(Clin)-280.3(Microbiol)-283(1999;)-280.6(37:20102012.)]TJ
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[(Clarke,)-504.7(DH,)-501.2(Cassals,)-503.1(J.)-499.2(Techniques)-506.7(for)-499.3(hemagglutination)-504.2(and)]TJ
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[(hema)-8.5(gglutination-inhibition)-745.6(with)-736.9(arthropod-bo)-13.4(rne)-737.4(viruses.)]TJ
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[(Am)-336.7(J)-334.1(Trop)-334(Med)-340.9(Hyg)-330.2(1958;)-334.2(7:561573.)]TJ
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[(Valley)-259.5(fever:)-256.4(isolation)-261.8(and)-252.1(identication)-260.4(technics.)-261.9(In:)-257.6(Report)-258.6(of)]TJ
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[(FAO/WHO)-273.5(group)-268.3(on)-266.1(emergency)-270.9(prep)-9.6(aredness)-268.2(for)-271.7(Rift)-263.5(Valley)]TJ
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[(Fever)-336.7(control)-342(in)-332(West)-338(Africa)-337.8(\(WHO-VPH/88.77\).)-339.1(1988:1134.)]TJ
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(786)Tj
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[(NAY)-332.3(ET)-338.7(AL.)]TJ
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[(body)-442.3(response)-445.8(to)-442.5(Toscana)-446.9(virus)-440.9(glycoproteins)-452.6(expressed)-445.4(by)]TJ
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[(recombinant)-339.6(baculovirus.)-339.8(J)-334.1(Med)-334.2(Virol)-338(2002;)-334.2(68:615619.)]TJ
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[(Dionisio,)-391.9(D,)-392.6(Esperti,)-389.9(F,)-389.7(Vivarelli,)-391.5(A,)-385.9(Valassina,)-393(M.)-386.3(Epidemiolo-)]TJ
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[(gical,)-443.9(clinical)-438.1(and)-446.3(laboratory)-442(aspects)-443.1(of)-442.5(Sandy)-437.3(Fever.)-441.5(Curr)]TJ
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[(Opin)-337.1(Infect)-337.7(Dis)-333.9(2003;)-334.2(16:383388.)]TJ
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[(Echevarria,)-217.7(JM,)-211.6(de)-213.4(Orf,)-210.2(F,)-215.6(Guisasola,)-215.3(ME,)-210.8(Sanchez-Seco,)-219.6(MP,)-208.4(et)-214.2(al.)]TJ
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[(Acute)-436.1(meningitis)-434.6(due)-430.5(to)-435.8(Toscana)-433.5(virus)-427.5(infection)-441.8(among)-427.9(pa-)]TJ
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[(tients)-457.6(from)-461.2(both)-449.9(the)-459(Spanish)-455.8(Mediterranean)-460.4(region)-461.4(and)-452.9(the)]TJ
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[(region)-340.9(of)-335.4(Madrid.)-335.4(J)-334.1(Clin)-333.8(Virol)-338(2003;)-334.2(26:7984.)]TJ
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[(Eitrem,)-631(R,)-630.5(Niklasson,)-631.1(B,)-625.5(Weiland,)-629.9(O.)-629.3(Sandy)-624.7(virus)-628.4(among)]TJ
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[(Swedish)-343(tourists.)-336.9(J)-334.1(Infect)-337.7(Dis)-333.9(1991b;)-337.9(23:451457.)]TJ
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[(Eitrem,)-503.8(R,)-496.6(Stylianou,)-502(M,)-493.4(Niklasson,)-503.9(B.)-498.3(High)-497.8(prevalence)-501.3(rates)]TJ
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[(of)-469.3(antibody)-474.5(to)-469.3(three)-469.6(sandy)-474.3(fever)-466.2(viruses)-474.1(\(Sicilian,)-472.6(Naples,)]TJ
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[(and)-814.5(Toscana\))-814.5(among)-809.5(Cypriots.)-812.4(Epidemiol)-814.5(Infect)-813.1(1991a;)]TJ
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[(nay,)-435.7(K,)-424.5(Saygan,)-437(MB,)-425(Aydog)]TJ
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